An Anti-Deficit Approach to Mentoring

Utilizing an anti-deficit approach to support mentees involves reframing conversations to focus on mentees’ strengths, potential, and assets rather than solely emphasizing their perceived deficits or challenges. By adopting an anti-deficit approach, you can create a supportive and empowering environment that helps National Mentoring Community (NMC) mentees navigate challenges while focusing on their strengths and potential for success. 

Please review the following tips for effectively discussing challenges NMC mentees may face while adopting an anti-deficit approach and familiarize yourself with Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth.

Emphasize resilience & coping strategies

Highlight how students have demonstrated resilience and developed effective coping strategies in the face of challenges. Acknowledge their ability to navigate adversity and build upon these strengths.

Acknowledge cultural wealth

Recognize and value the unique cultural experiences and knowledge that underrepresented students bring to their academic pursuits. Emphasize the strengths and assets inherent in their diverse backgrounds.

Foster a growth mindset

Encourage students to embrace a growth mindset, emphasizing that challenges are opportunities for growth and learning. Help them see setbacks as temporary and solvable through effort and support.

A growth mindset allows individuals to see themselves as capable of developing new qualities and behaviors through effort and practice, an important perspective for any scientist and particularly relevant to the advancement of a mentor-mentee relationship. 

Learn more about growth mindset

Fixed versus growth mindset

This article from Inside Higher Ed explains the growth mindset and its relevance to graduate students.

Read "Fixed vs Growth Mindset" from Inside Higher Ed

Teach mentees about growth mindset

Watch this talk from Carol Dweck, psychology professor at Stanford University and developer of the growth mindset concept, in which she discusses the importance of a growth mindset for graduate students.

View Carol Dweck's discussion

Self-efficacy and why believing in yourself matters

Related to the growth mindset, self-efficacy encompasses a person's self-confidence and belief in their ability to control their behavior, influence their environment, and remain motivated to attain goals.

Read the Very Well Mind article on self-efficacy

Celebrate achievements & progress

Regularly acknowledge and celebrate the students' achievements, no matter how small, and highlight the progress they have made over time. This reinforces a positive narrative of their academic journey.

Provide culturally relevant support

Offer resources and support that align with students' cultural backgrounds, values, and needs. Recognize that different students may require different types of support.

Highlight role models & success stories

Share stories of individuals from similar backgrounds who have successfully overcome challenges and achieved their goals in the field of physics or other related fields. This can inspire and motivate students.

Create inclusive spaces

Foster an inclusive and welcoming environment where students feel comfortable discussing their challenges without fear of judgment. Encourage open dialogue and active listening.

Engage in collaborative problem-solving

Approach challenges as collaborative problem-solving opportunities. Work together with students to identify potential solutions and strategies, taking into consideration their perspectives and preferences.

Promote self-advocacy

Empower students to advocate for themselves by providing guidance on how to communicate their needs, seek help, and access available resources.

Strength-based feedback

When providing feedback, focus on specific strengths and improvements rather than solely pointing out deficiencies. Frame feedback in a constructive and supportive manner.

Cultivate a sense of belonging

Help students feel a sense of belonging within the physics community by facilitating connections with peers, mentors, and role models who share similar backgrounds.

Set realistic expectations

Encourage realistic goal-setting and time management while recognizing that progress may take time. Provide guidance on breaking down larger goals into manageable steps.

Cultivate a positive identity

Encourage students to develop a positive identity as physics learners, researchers, and future professionals. Highlight their potential contributions to the field.

Continuous check-ins

Maintain regular communication with students to assess their progress, offer support, and ensure they feel valued and heard.


More mentor resources

View all mentor resources

Review APS's mentor resource library for NMC mentors.

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Download the mentor guidelines document

Save a summary of APS's mentor guidelines and advice.

Download the PDF

APS career resources

APS provides guidance and information for physicists at every stage of their education and careers.

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